controlled variables in bouncing ball experiment

This will be a table tennis ball. You Experiment 2 is for testing the effect of air pressure. The experiment was conducted well however as the utmost efforts were brought into place to avoid parallax error and it was ensured as far as possible that factors that affected how high the ball bounced, excluding the height, were kept constant throughout the experiment. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to the initial relative speed between two objects after they collide. This help to greatly increase the accuracy of the experiment. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the Using the trends in your experimental data and your experimental observations, try to answer your original questions. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. What type of motion does a bouncing ball experience? Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. The higher the height from which the ball was dropped from, the higher the height to which it bounced. The higher the air pressure the more air particles per cubic meter. This motion can be described using a geometric sequence, as the height of the ball after each bounce depends on the initial height from which the ball fell. What is the force that causes a ball to bounce? An experiment has several types of variables, including a control variable (sometimes called a controlled variable). Using the geometric sequence formula, the sum of the terms which are the heights of the ball after each bound: \(S_n = \frac{\alpha(1-r^n)}{1-r} = \frac{6m(1-0.38^5)}{1-0.38} = 9.6 m\). Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. Sometimes the designer of an experiment can miss the obvious. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. Yes, as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position (in height) and goes back to its initial position after a period of time. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). Its height gradually decreases until it eventually stops moving. You are now ready to enter your data on a spread sheet and get to work. Therefore the ball dropped from the higher height must give out more thermal energy in order to end up with the same amount of energy as the other ball. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Dependent Variable: The height of the bounce. We felt the magic immediately.". The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to initial speed between two bodies after the collision. , v is greater therefore KE is greater by a larger amount). Prediction reasons for variable control: The height the ball is dropped from will affect the height the ball bounces to due to the energy chain the ball goes through as it is dropped and bounces up again. Bouncing Ball What is the control variable in the bouncing ball experiment The variation between results was obtained by taking the minimum result away from the maximum result. This means that KE is the same for both balls when each ball hits the ground. This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. Belowis the graph of h1against h2. This will help with your understanding of the investigation and lead you to make a possible hypothesis. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. \(Area = \frac{1}{2} \cdot base \cdot length\), \(Area = 0.5 m \cdot 50 m \cdot 50 m = 1250 m^3\). This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. As energy cannot be created or destroyed it follows that the energy must have come from the energy that the ball possesses. use four meter sticks and go right the way up to four meters. his the height of the balls bounce. Heres an example of an Excel spread sheet that analyzes whats going on: Heres a graph of energy vs. bounce from the spread sheet: Purpose: To determine how high a tennis ball will bounce when dropped from a specific height. Variables Independent variable = drop height Dependent variable = bounce height Controlled variables = ball, surface, measuring tool. Additionally we were able to practice reading a lab, taking data and making a graph. WebWhat is a control? The moving ball gains kinetic energy when it bounces, and loses potential energy as it falls. While a value of 1 indicates a perfectly elastic collision, a value of 0 indicates a perfectly inelastic collision. Soccer Science Fair Project: Air Pressure & Distance - Education As a general rule, when the ball is travelling in the positive direction (upwards), the velocity can be assumed to be positive. I plan to collect at least ten results as this will make the conclusion and graph I am able to draw from the experiment more accurate than if I had less results than ten. The Particular experiment is about : How does the drop height of a ball affects the bounce height of the ball. Review each step of the procedure to find sources of potential errors. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h1 to h2 (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). Perform this test in a Gym or anywhere else where you have a hard surface and an accessible wall. WebControl variables, also known as controlled variables, are properties that researchers hold constant for all observations in an experiment. If you are new in doing science project, click on How to Start in the main page. WebControlled Variables: -Golf ball -PVC piping -Angle of Ramp Our controlled variable was Manipulated Variable: -Release point -Distance ball bounces Our manipulated variables was: Dependent Variable: The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. You will need an assistant, so one person will drop the ball and the other person stands about 20 feet away and records how high it bounces. Therefore the coefficient to restitution = 0.7. The answer lies in how far the ball has dented inward due to its collision with the floor. WebHave them list all the variables they think will affect ball bounce. Schematic diagram of two balls dropped from different heights. Gravitational potential energy means energy that an object has based on where it is located in a gravitational field. This is because as the ball goes faster it passes through a greater volume of air each second. will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Advanced levels of experimental science rely heavily on graphical and mathematical analysis of data. Bounce/Release is the relation of bounce height to the release height. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. Ramp and ball, controlled study lab report This is impossible. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. It is always important for students, parents and teachers to know a good source for science related equipment and supplies they need for their science activities. the initial height of your ball when you released it. It is also known as a constant variable or simply as a "control." Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms-1 is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms-1. It bounces off, changing the direction of motion and again reaching its maximum height. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. This experiment would provide me with more results that are relevant to the experiment that I have already conducted. Dependent variable is the height that the ball bounces. Each of the following experiments tests a different hypothesis. What Effects the Bounce of a Dropped Ball The results of our experiment show that this probably is not the case. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration graphs, or geometric sequences. Bouncing Ball Lab - Warren County Public Schools Also its Gravitational Potential energy is decreasing because its height is decreasing. The ball pushes on the floor and the floor pushes back on the ball, causing it to rebound. These stages can also be represented graphically using three plots including a displacement, velocity, and acceleration vs time graph. The most valuable resources for teachers and students. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. WebOn the cardboard, mark the starting point, the point where the marble strikes the wood, and a point along the marble's path as it rolls away from the wood. Without a control you cannot be sure that changing the variable causes your observations. Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. The distance along the ramp which the balls rolls. So if we double the release height, we will get double bounce height. h1and h2are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. The push which the ball receives from the floor at the moment of impact causes it to bounce up from the surface. Then when dropping the ball again eye level will be kept level with the blue tack thus avoiding parallax errors. At the moment of impact, the ball also experiences deformation and the coefficient of restitution, which depends on the bounciness of the ball. This list is called an experimental procedure. I do not believe that any ball will reach terminal velocity in this experiment seeing as the maximum height that they can be dropped from is 2m and, as the ball is quite smooth, I do not believe that it will have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity before it hits the floor. For example a regulation tennis ball is dropped from about 1 meter. Stages of bouncing ball example, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals, Motion graphs of a bouncing ball, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals. Variables - Working scientifically - KS3 Science - BBC Bitesize Ball Experiment The three trials at each height are then averaged, and the average bounce height is graphed versus the drop height. B (81%) Synonyms. An elastic surface such as rubber and a very hard surface such as concrete will result the highest bounce level. The acceleration on the ball is the acceleration of gravity, which acts downwards on the ball. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. Also it will affect its bouncing properties. = The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. Therefore the height that it reaches is less high. Bouncing Ball Experiment Following are some sample information that you may find: Everyone has played with balls that bounce, but few people truly understand the physics behind a bouncing ball. You measure this response, or record data, in a table for this purpose. Balls Bouncing Off of Surfaces Use the pencil and ruler to connect the incoming and outgoing trajectories of the marble to the point where the marble bounced off the wood. The motion of the ball can be split into different stages depending on the direction of the velocity vector; these stages are listed below. Its 100% free. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Aim The aim of this experiment is to investigate the efficiency of a bouncing ball, and the factors which affect its efficiency. ThatQuiz Repeat this test from 2 ft, 3 ft, and 1/2 ft. Do this test for each ball and record data. The formula for kinetic energy is KE=1/2 mv 2 , where m is the mass in kg and v is the velocity in m/sec 2 . If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. Will you pass the quiz? We can go back to our table of velocities, square each one, then multiply by 1/ 2 * 0.044 kg to find the kinetic energy at each moment. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. For the higher heights the distance from h1 to h2 was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h1 to h2 to accurately in a short amount of time. List three. Physics Ia on Bouncing Ball 1. While these variables are not the Is a bouncing ball an example of simple harmonic motion? D (60%) The results of the experiment were obtained with a method that ensured that every drop was under similar conditions which ensured a fair test. When a ball drops in air there is air resistance to which the ball loses energy in the form of thermal energy. You may now be able to understand or verify things that you discovered when gathering information for the project. As the height from which the ball was dropped from was increased, the GPE energy that the ball possessed before being dropped also increased. In the bouncing ball example, external forces such as air resistance are assumed to be zero. If you get more than one value, calculate and record the average. You are NOT going to perform this experiment. Free Bouncing Ball Experiment Essays and Papers | 123 Help Me This did not happen in my experiment however. Find out about the physics of a dropped ball. WebVariables. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. Potential energy is the energy of position, and it depends on the mass of the ball and its height above the surface. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. CoR = coefficient of restitution = (speed after collision)/(speed before collision). At 2ft, the basketball bounced 15 inches, the tennis ball bounced 12 inches, and the golf. Your bibliography must contain sources that are available to you (at your school or local library). These are illustrated below. Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms, and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms, is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms, and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms, , the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. WebA control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. It depends only on the elasticity of the ball itselfa super ball returns a large fraction while a beanbag returns a tiny fraction. If you did not observe anything different than what happened with your control, the variable you changed may not affect the system you are investigating. changing air density, temperature The surface onto which the ball Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience. " The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the air pressure inside the ball. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. When the ball travels in the negative direction (downwards), the velocity can be assumed to be negative. We use the conservation of energy. Hence, the only force acting on the ball is gravity. KE = 1/2mv where m = mass and v = velocity, 1/2mv = mhg - thermal energy (lost as a result of drag). Hence the formula for the sum of the infinite number of terms can be rewritten as seen here. Specially look for parts that discuss the gas pressure and physical properties of gases. A) Using the graph above, find the displacement of the ball at 50 seconds. Preparation: Draw a ruler with high visibility on a roll of paper about 8 inches wide and 6 feet tall. Hence the final answer is: \(\text{Total distance} = 2 \cdot S_n = 2 \cdot 9.6 m= 19.2m\). Constants are the release height, the bouncing surface, the type and the size of the ball. Therefore of the GPE that the ball possessed at the beginning some energy is given off as thermal energy. If the ball is elastic in nature, the ball will quickly return to its original form and spring up from the floor. Adapted from Plangenhoef, Patterns of Human Motion. A ball falls from a height of 3 metres. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. This is considered raw data since it has not been processed or interpreted yet. A) Find the total distance of travel until the ball hits the ground for the 5th time. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. Use the same point on the ball (top) or (bottom) when judging both the height of the drop and the height of the bounce. The CoR can be measured directly by velocity measurements but often it is handier to measure the height of rise of the ball after it bounces relative to the height that it fell. Several new questions may have occurred to you while doing experiments. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. What is happening to the balls energy with each bounce? Bouncing Ball Example: Experiment, Formula, Force, Motion How well a ball bounces deals with its coefficient of restitution. When the ball rebounds, its stored energy reappears and it leaps higher into the air than it would have had you dropped it a shorter distance.

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