social issues in south asia

There is a fundamental difference between a context in which security forces are targeted (even with only rare success) and those in which no one is interested in attacking the state. There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. Get the latest news from World101, including teaching resources and special offers. The combined effects of COVID-19 and the record-high commodity prices due to the war in Ukraine took a heavier toll on Sri Lanka, exacerbating its debt woes and depleting foreign reserves. This urban boom presents challenges for governments in megacitieslike Dhaka, Bangladesh and Mumbai, Indiathat struggle to provide services like transportation and sanitation for their inhabitants. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. But how long does this pride last? Held every two years, the Olympics-style gathering boasts over forty sports, including horseback archery, golden eagle hunting, bone tossing, seventeen types of wrestling, high-speed yurt-building, dog racing, and kok boru, a game in which horse-mounted players throw a headless goat carcass into a large goal. It is in Kashmir where the Modi government has most dramatically shifted policy by revoking the autonomy of and bifurcating the state of Jammu and Kashmir, accompanied by a massive crackdown on movement, communication, and political activity. The second is in Indias Northeast, the site of numerous revolts since the 1950s. These changes are neither universal nor irreversible: important conflicts persist and continue to exact a severe human cost. 167.172.145.158 The implications of the return of the Rajapaksas in 2019 (Gotabaya as president and his brother Mahinda as prime minister) remain to be seen. hTn0E|,[um)Bj,CM=!E*. Bangladesh brought down cases of cholera and diarrheal disease by 95 percent between 2003 and 2013 by promoting good hygiene through handwashing public awareness campaigns and the construction of millions of toilets and latrines. /xL\z5CBDDiUy YkxS,A)('OR @$#S@cvs / *%C!% Infrastructure Lags in Regions Megacities, Government Policies in South Asia Lead to Gains in Life Expectancy, Bangladesh: Sanitation Service Access vs. This leads to heightened levels of psychological stress and interference with the identity formation process, especially when a person feels a stronger connection to the dominant western culture. The figures show that in J&K and the Northeast, the late 1990s and early 2000s saw intense conflict. In Bangladesh, regime repression of dissent and of opposition movements have been commonplace. In general, state coercive capacity across the region has increased, with escalating security force budgets and manpower facilitated by both formal laws and informal practices that give substantial leeway to the state. get ideas into movement. Several factors have worked to reduce insurgent violence against the Indian state. Regions of the World, Return to -- Volume 37, Number 3, November 2022, Editorial Board This choice is ripped away from many children of South Asian immigrants who end up feeling stuck in careers they do not find meaningful, ultimately leading to a negative impact on their overall mental wellness and relationships. Firstly, cutting the costs migrants face should be high on the policy agenda. The people of lower social standing suffer great job insecurity, experience gender inequality, and generally struggle against class discrimination. India makes more than 1,500 movies a yearalmost triple the number Hollywood producesand the cultural significance of these films cannot be understated. The TAF2020 exercise highlighted six important ways in which Asia is changing, and where we need to apply all of our resources, analytical skills, partnership As commonly conceptualised, South Asia consists of the countries Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, with Afghanistan also often included.. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian subcontinent and defined ,MFYir`hJS(;e+\ /e*A:nXsv)GG`P`.AH &# #10 bE2?``8 cN#CA.&MeZ$i {``P,34@ 0} SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. Social movements in southern Asia have been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. In a number of cases, a self-sustaining, pro-state political order remains distant, and the security apparatus is instead needed to deter or contain resistance. 0000033910 00000 n The forces pursued a grim counterinsurgency policy: extrajudicial killings, disappearances, and a heavy security footprint coupled with surveillance and monitoring. Unlike other regions of the world, many of South Asias most powerful leaders have been and are women; however, a majority of these women come from political dynasties. xb```lw@ (q.67g!gF..g\Q8gr=e`N:fd,qH'aT!#-WB9N -- Volume 21, Number 1, April 2006. Pakistans counterinsurgency successes have been accompanied by the militarys enduring political power and serious limits on rights. -- Volume 22, Number 1, April 2007, Editorial Board 0000004679 00000 n We provide a wide array of financial products and technical assistance, and we help countries share and apply innovative knowledge and solutions to the challenges they face. The return of tourism is helping to drive growth in Maldives, and to a lesser extent in Nepalboth of which have dynamic services sectors. Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the social movements has been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. Other film industries include Tollywood for Telugu-language films and Sandalwood for Kannada-language films. WebHowever, current and recent conflicts, inequality and social exclusion (due to age, gender, race and ethnicity) are threatening the value of this diversity and limiting freedom of expression. Some of the reasons include intergenerational conflict or the stress of adapting into western society. Growth in the region is dampening, says the World Bank in its twice-a-year update, underscoring the need for countries to build resilience. To estimate regional aggregates in the calendar year, fiscal year data is converted to calendar year data by taking the average of two consecutive fiscal years for Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Pakistan at 2015 constant US$, for which quarterly GDP data are not available. Plunged into its worst-ever economic crisis, Sri Lankas real GDP is expected to fall by 9.2 percent this year and a further 4.2 percent in 2023. Moving from corporate responsibility to impact, US Fed likely to make final interest rate hike in May, and other economy stories you need to read this week, World Economic Outlook shows economies facing high uncertainty, Mehdi Benatiya Andaloussi and Chiara Maggi, Heres what the mixed economic messages mean for business, IMF: Fiscal policy can promote economic stability and address risks to public finances, Francesca Caselli, Vitor Gaspar, Gee Hee Hong and Paulo Medas, Inflation reaches lowest point in almost two years, is affecting economies, industries and global issues, with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale. Instead, mob violence has become a more persistent concern than rebellion. Since 1965, when U.S. immigration laws replaced a national quota system, the number of immigrants living in the U.S. has more than quadrupled. 06 July 2021 South Asia countries are among the most vulnerable globally to the impacts of climate change. Such non-state violence is often not waged against the state or political system, but instead is used as a bloody tool of social control and political maneuvering. -- Volume 25, Number 1, April 2010, Editorial Board WebSouth Asia as the most dangerous place on Earth because of the rivalry between the two nuclear powers India and Pakistan over a number of issues. The Communist Party of NepalMaoist (CPN-M) launched a revolutionary insurgency in 1996, seeking to overthrow the government and create a communist state in Nepal. AoDCkso:DQ2 " Titles, abstracts, full-text screening, and extraction of data South Asias migrant workers, many of whom are employed in the informal sector, were disproportionately affected when restrictions to movement were imposed during COVID-19. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam insurgency in Sri Lanka has also decisively ended, though in far bloodier fashion. Governments have established greater control of previously contested territories, deployed new technologies of surveillance, and, in some cases, fused party rule with state coercive power. In operational term, the paper fleshes out the key analytical question as How have the social movements been subject to power and contestation in the south Asia?, State of Social Movements in South Asia: Critical Reflections and Implications, An annual anthology on global power and resistance. -- Volume 21, Number 2, October 2006, Editorial Board In the nearly three decades since their independence, the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia have drifted from Russian influence. endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream This follows growth of 7.8 percent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the pandemic slump. The LTTE was finally defeated, at a huge civilian cost, in 2009. And in Nepal, a Maoist insurgency fought its way into a stalemate with Nepals security forces by 2005. It is based on conversations that took place at the Our Future is Public conferencein Santiago, Chile, in 2022, and is part of the movements critical response to- and reflections on the UN 2023 WaterConference. Released today, the latest South Asia Economic Focus, Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, projects regional growth to average 5.8 percent this year - a downward revision of 1 percentage point from the forecast made in June. High-quality, standards-aligned classroom resources, lesson plans, teaching inspiration, and professional development opportunitiesall inspired by our mission that Global Civics is essential for twenty-first century citizenship. Fears of Pakistans collapse and rise of a revolutionary Islamist project drove international efforts to bolster state counterinsurgency capacity. 2017-2023 Council on Foreign Relations. India's child malnutrition levels nearly double those of sub-Saharan Africa; one in ten Pakistani Islamist cells have launched dramatic terror attacks but, especially since 2016, these were met with intense repression and have decreased in frequency. The growing size and resources of internal security forces, consolidation of powerful regimes, and changed international environment may have made rebellion increasingly unsustainable, even when political grievances remain. The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 created an economic crisis for Central Asias newly independent countries. This follows growth of 7.8 percent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the Central Asian Society Drifts From Soviet Past, National Cultures Put on Display at Central Asian World Nomad Games, Central Asian Migration to Russia Brings Money, Social Problems. So while state governments can set their official languages and control their finances, the central government is in charge of communications, defense, diplomacy, and monetary policy. -- Volume 32, Number 2, July 2017, Editorial Board 0000005744 00000 n Labor mobility across and within countries enables economic development by allowing people to move to locations where they are more productive. Being a homeland of number of caste and ethnic groups, the ways and process of how the social movements interact with contentious politics (and vice-versa) have been still less theorized empirically in the Asian societies. WebUsing a cross-disciplinary approach, the author discusses evolving physical and cultural landscapes. As Nepals government went through extraordinary tumult in the early 2000s, the Maoists expanded their reach and fought the state to a standstill. A map showing the number of movies released from India's states and territories, each of which has its own primary language. When it comes to dating, cultural expectations of South Asian families can conflict with western norms. Geopolitical stability and regional relationships For example, the TTP is alleged to be regrouping in Afghanistan, Pakistan claims that India is supporting Baloch rebels, the Taliban operates out of Pakistan, India focuses on Pakistans long history of support for terrorist and militant groups, and Indian media signals concern about Chinese backing for insurgents in the Northeast. A silent mental health crisis exists among South Asian communities. -- Volume 31, Number 3, November 2016, Editorial Board Here are some of the problems, and some things you personally can do Nevertheless, a heavy footprint and intensive counterinsurgency have been par for the course in Kashmir for decades. -- Volume 27, Number 1, April 2012, Editorial Board -- Volume 27, Number 2, October 2012, Editorial Board In 2019, a group of South Asian Americans petitioned the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to cancel a planned award for Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. HMk1+tLDiB;;lbCKrVb5;zL3W=~,PA+h~={|7bem]}274(gHR/f5>0DT|[iJ)%EkllWF4o6#2mKTk5Wu#kN8I*bP"P3/@G (cP However, in South Asian families individuals can also feel pressure to sacrifice their personal desires for the expectations of their family. Children of South Asian immigrants may face challenges associated with the pressure of straddling two different worlds. How Terrorist attacks hit Bangladesh, including assassinations and coordinated bombings linked to the Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami Bangladesh and other factions. -- Volume 32, Number 3, November 2017, Editorial Board Extreme climate-related events - heatwaves, storms, floods, fires and droughts - affect more than half of the region's population every year and continue to burden South Asian countries economies. Bangladesh is especially dense, with over 160 million people living in an area the size of Iowa. South Asia is one of the poorest regions in the world: about one-third of the worlds poor live in this region with about 70 per cent living in rural areas and primarily endstream endobj 80 0 obj <>stream These changes across South Asia may be permanent, heralding the dominance of the state after a long period of persistent insurgent challenges. Some years are missing because specific data on sanctioned force size was not included in the annual reports for those years. -- Volume 33, Number S, 2018, Editorial Board This is not a simple story of state capacity, however: coercive power has been deployed in selective ways, including cases in which a state ignores or cooperates with non-state armed groups, from militias to vigilantes. In nutshell, although having a century long background of various social movements, South Asia is undergoing a burgeoning phase of social movements transformation, which is outcome of the various factors including reluctantly changing state structure vis--vis social development, rights regime, marginalization, and conflict resolutions. endstream endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Its home to 1.3 billion people and has twenty-two official regional languages. Politics in South Asia. Paul Staniland is a nonresident scholar in the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. The main reason is the general scarcity of two critical resources essential to the development and implementation of such policies: capital and technology. It is seen that modernization, democratization, political ideologies and emergence of mass societies threatened the personal and collective identities and the advancement in information systems have sustained peoples struggles against the dominant world view of the State and elites. To this end, the report offers two recommendations. In Pakistan, substantial violence in the southern port city of Karachi was joined by a resurgent insurgency in the southwestern province of Balochistan and an extremely bloody rebellion led by the Pakistani Taliban. WebMost Indians do not identify as South Asian, raising concerns for the viability of it as a classification. It has been reported in American media that the group has certain stigmas in relation to the LGBT communities. The Assam Rifles (AR), a specialized force in the Northeast, has grown much more modestly but still expanded. Familiar landmarks created by the cold war have not u2mnTThzRH'C9z RQ\O. -- Volume 22, Number 2, October 2007, Editorial Board The movements, thus, have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. -- Volume 30, Number 3, November 2015, Editorial Board The movements have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. India and Pakistan continue to heavily garrison areas of insurgency, regardless of violence levels. There are various currents of social movements, today, across the region, which have become strengthened and highly vocal over last three decades. Anti-India armed groups are alleged to still operate on Pakistani soil, the Afghan Taliban has consistently used sanctuary along the Afghan border, and localized armed actors have worked with the state in counterinsurgency zones. In this context, the paper analyses the contestations of social movements in the South Asia from a view point of contentious politics in the region. More recently, Nepals lawmakers elected the countrys first woman presidentand the countrys second presidentBidhya Devi Bhandari, in 2015. -- Volume 28, Number 3, November 2013, Editorial Board Another Muslim-majority country, Bangladesh, has had two womenSheikh Hasina, daughter of the countrys first president, and her political opponent Khaleda Zia, wife of another presidentalternate in the prime ministership for most of the last three decades. -- Volume 31, Number 1, March 2016, Editorial Board Nature-Society relations provide the foundation for social, economic, political, and environmental problems. Empirical and theoretical research articles are published with a view to promoting and disseminating scholarship in and on the region. Bringing South Asians Into a Very White Space. And Nepal has reduced its maternal mortality by more than 70 percent since 1990 through government and donor-supported investments in education, free child-delivery services, and improvements to road infrastructure, which allow mothers to more easily reach health clinics in the mountains and hills. -- Volume 29, Number 3, November 2014, Editorial Board Like European countries, Indias states are drawn along ethnic and linguistic lines and have distinct cultures. %%EOF And these challenges will likely become more severe as the regions population continues to balloon. WebSocial and political issues LGBT communities. Moreover, shifts in civilian power and civil-military coalitions are likely to occur in the future, with unpredictable results. In the Global South there is a huge research gap in linking the social movements and power dynamics within the societies. Bangladesh provided support for insurgents in the past, but the Awami League government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has been fairly friendly to India. Job Discrimination Since the end of the Korean War, the Korean economy 0000007388 00000 n 2 Both can be accessed at https://satp.org/. You are leaving the website for the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy and entering a website for another of Carnegie's global centers. Social movements in southern Asia have been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in There has been less political accommodation than in Indias Northeast, and human rights abuses are pervasive, fusing counterinsurgency with the broader political objectives of the military in managing Pakistans political sphere. WASHINGTON, October 6, 2022Beset with Sri Lankas economic crisis, Pakistans catastrophic floods, a global slowdown, and impacts of the war in Ukraine, South Asia faces an unprecedented combination of shocks on top of the lingering scars of the COVID-19 pandemic. -- Volume 35, Number 2, July 2020, Editorial Board Indira Gandhi, the daughter of Indias first prime minister, served as prime minister for almost sixteen nonconsecutive years and was a powerful force in Indian politics for decades. And in their densely populated slums, diseases can spread quickly. (Clockwise starting from top left) Keystone/Getty Images, Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images, AFP/GettyImages, Eric Piper/Getty Images, How the World Works and Sometimes Doesnt, Return to 0000001364 00000 n Nawal Mustafa does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

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