disadvantages of nanotechnology in cancer treatment

Soc. 520(1), 126138 (2017), C.T. Rep. 8, 8375 (2018), L. Zhang et al., Delivery of a chemotherapeutic drug using novel hollow carbon spheres for esophageal cancer treatment. However, their use is often limited due to the accumulation of metal in the body after drug administration causing toxicity. 11, 20212037 (2016), K. Vimala et al., Green synthesized doxorubicin loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles regulates the Bax and Bcl-2 expression in breast and colon carcinoma. Mater. [224], utilized hollow mesoporous silica nanomaterials to release doxorubicin to HeLa cells in an acidic environment exhibiting anticancer effect with good biocompatibility. Naidu et al., Chemotherapy-induced and/or radiation therapy-induced oral mucositis-complicating the treatment of cancer. Toy R, Bauer L, Hoimes C, Ghaghada KB, Karathanasis E. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. Adv. Artif. Biomaterials 33(5), 15361546 (2012), M. De Palma et al., Targeting exogenous genes to tumor angiogenesis by transplantation of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells. Mol. J. Nanomed. 516, 332341 (2018), M. Manzano, M. Vallet-Reg, Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in nanomedicine applications. Environ. Colloids Surf. A clear understanding of these factors will provide important synthesis strategies for targeted nanoparticles therapyactive or passive targeting alike. Colloids Surf. Biomed. Bookshelf Soc. ACS Appl. Furthermore, poor pharmacokinetic characteristics of anticancer drugs arising from poor solubility, stability, and metabolism pose different challenges of toxicity, inefficacy and limited bio-distribution. Iacobazzi et al., Targeting human liver cancer cells with lactobionic acid-G(4)-PAMAM-FITC sorafenib loaded dendrimers. B Biointerfaces 125, 6572 (2015), Y. Xia et al., pH sensitive liposomes delivering tariquidar and doxorubicin to overcome multidrug resistance of resistant ovarian cancer cells. C 79, 465472 (2017), V. Gnanavel, V. Palanichamy, S.M. Kirpotin et al., Antibody targeting of long-circulating lipidic nanoparticles does not increase tumor localization but does increase internalization in animal models. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity with a complex pathophysiology. Likewise, half-generation polyamide amine dendrimers reduce cytotoxicity due to the presence of negatively charged carboxylic or cyano groups on their surface. 44, 16681678 (2018), A.S. Semkina et al., Multimodal doxorubicin loaded magnetic nanoparticles for VEGF targeted theranostics of breast cancer. Many anticancer drug applications are limited due to its solubility, stability, and bioavailability of the drug. Another challenge in drug delivery is the safety for human health, as issues may be associated with nanomaterial, and may not have immediate impact or may not be noticeable quickly. Chem. Mol. Epub 2014 Aug 9. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Chem. Palazzolo S, Bayda S, Hadla M, Caligiuri I, Corona G, Toffoli G, Rizzolio F. Curr Med Chem. Recent investigations on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the co-delivery of drugs have revealed that the release of drug at the cancer site, and the uptake by the cells showed the potential for treating multi-drug resistant cancer [198]. Res. To date, many types of organic nanocarriers have been developed such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers and micelles. By using immunofluorescence labeling of an anti-Ki67 antibody, the Ki67-positive cells in tumor sections after two tail vein injections of 20mg/kg iron dose of IGF1-IONPs are measured. The cellular entry of nanomaterials depends on surface charge [109]. The challenge of bench-to-bedside translation of dendrimers, however, remains a significant challenge. 17, 201209 (2015), A. Al Faraj, A.P. Kim et al., Co-eradication of breast cancer cells and cancer stem cells by cross-linked multilamellar liposomes enhances tumor treatment. 8d, e was determined by magnetic resonance imaging and showed that temozolomide and siRNA conjugated nanocomplex had a volume of 8211mm3 which is much less than the volume resulting with the other treatments. Soft Matter 14(12), 24002410 (2018), A. Siriviriyanun et al., Cyclodextrin- and dendrimer-conjugated graphene oxide as a nanocarrier for the delivery of selected chemotherapeutic and photosensitizing agents. Drug Dev. Several strategies have also been developed to accomplish liposomal codelivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Biosci. However, to reach clinical application, an understanding of nanoneurotoxicity in terms of oxidative stress and inflammation is required. Process Biochem. Wherein, the material display higher cytotoxicity against human liver cancer cells HepG2, and revealed to have improved bioavailability at the site [140]. Eng. 119, 310321 (2017), K. ztrk et al., Effective targeting of gemcitabine to pancreatic cancer through PEG-cored Flt-1 antibody-conjugated dendrimers. USA 107(3), 12351240 (2010), C. Zhang et al., Specific targeting of tumor angiogenesis by RGD-conjugated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles using a clinical 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner. Biogenic Ag nanoparticles can be employed against prostate and colon cancer. Further, as illustrated in Fig. approaches in cancer treatment are (a) Surgical excision, (b) Irradiation and (c) Chemotherapy. Med. Nano Convergence 6, 23 (2019). These nanoparticles can be customized for various biomedical applications due to their unique characteristics such as drug solubility, stability, and preferential accumulation [267]. Nanoscale 6(2), 758765 (2014), H.K. It is anticipated that multiple drugs when delivered simultaneously to a cancer cell will exhibit a synergistic effect, when administered in an optimized ratio. Google Scholar, X. Gao et al., In vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots. 47(2), 514532 (2018), T. Dichwalkar et al., Omega-3 fatty acid grafted PAMAM-paclitaxel conjugate exhibits enhanced anticancer activity in upper gastrointestinal cancer cells. The in vitro studies indicated that the nanocarrier developed with docosahexaenoic acid, polyamide amine and conjugated with PTX had a better anticancer activity toward upper gastrointestinal cancer cells when compared to polyamide amine conjugated with PTX [276]. Progress in materials science and nanotechnology have brought nanomaterials-based formulations/drugs to the forefront of medical research, emerging as potential tools for cancer treatment and management. These nanoformulations showed better biocompatibility with low toxicity and inhibited tumor growth to a greater extent than curcumin alone. Daima et al., Synergistic influence of polyoxometalate surface corona towards enhancing the antibacterial performance of tyrosine-capped Ag nanoparticles. Nanoscale 9(43), 1706317073 (2017), X. Xu, F. Hu, Q. Shuai, Facile synthesis of highly biocompatible folic acid-functionalised SiO2 nanoparticles encapsulating rare-earth metal complexes, and their application in targeted drug delivery. 24, 86248631 (2018), D.C. Manatunga et al., Effective delivery of hydrophobic drugs to breast and liver cancer cells using a hybrid inorganic nanocarrier: a detailed investigation using cytotoxicity assays, fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry. 528(1), 485497 (2017), T. Lv et al., Role of generation on folic acid-modified poly(amidoamine) dendrimers for targeted delivery of baicalin to cancer cells. The in vitro studies discovered that the nanoparticledrug conjugate was more efficient in killing PMSA-expressing cells. J. Polym. Nanotechnol. Emerging evidence has also shown that nanoparticles have the . [222] have developed macroporous silica nanoparticles with a peptide loading efficiency of 40%, which upon administration induced apoptosis. Spectrochim. Nanotechnol. have used benzoic-imine bonds to attach -cyclodextrin directly to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) which were partially hydrolyzed in the extracellular tumor space and completely hydrolysed inside endosomes with low pH ~5. Cancer is one of the foremost causes of death globally. Nat. Bioconjug. The biodistribution profile is also strongly influenced by active clearance processes posed by various immune cells, and blood flow/renal filtration rate. by V. Kumar, N. Dasgupta, S. Ranjan (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2018), pp. The ensuing section discusses major physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and their design considerations for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. This major setback has led to the development of ligand-directed liposomes for active targeting and treatment of different types of cancer. Mater. Also, several nanoplatforms have already been developed to release the cargos in response to various stimuli, offering multifunctionality and specificity. Cells Nanomed. Breast Dis. These surface modifiable mesoporous silica nanomaterials have been exploited to deliver curcumin to breast cancer cell lines that were loaded with hyaluronan or polyethyleneimine-folic acid and were tested on mouse xenograft model [221]. Mater. Chem. Release 133(1), 23 (2009), Article This vascularization displays spatial and temporal heterogeneity within and between tumor cells adding another level of challenges to passive targeting [38]. J. Nanomed. 8(5), 565580 (2011), L. Sercombe et al., Advances and challenges of liposome assisted drug delivery. Interfaces 10, 2116021172 (2018), N. Guldris et al., Orthogonal clickable iron oxide nanoparticle platform for targeting, imaging, and on-demand release. In vivo fluorescence imaging revealed the distribution of the drug in organs and these carbon nanospheres exercised antitumor effect in SCID mice bearing oesophageal tumors. PMC Natl. Nanotechnol. Rev. Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, India supported this work through TEQIP-II. The data indicated that OVA-iron oxide nanoparticles inhibited tumor growth effectively in mice and had good tissue compatibility with organs after intra-tumoral injection as depicted in Fig. Chem. Bae, Drug targeting and tumor heterogeneity. Also, these platforms can provide competent drug delivery systems responsive to various stimuli to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects of loaded drugs. Correspondingly, these vehicles offer several other advantages including biocompatibility, self-assembly, and high drug cargo loading [231]. Scale bar: 200nm (b); in vitro cytotoxicity effect of different nanocomplexes on C6 cells evaluated by CCK8 assay at various TMZ concentrations. Consequently, the use of well-planned and -designed manufacturing processes are essential, and the clinical benefit must be huge which can justify the manufacturing costs. Eng. Pharm. 46, 11381148 (2018), H. Banu et al., Gold and silver nanoparticles biomimetically synthesized using date palm pollen extract-induce apoptosis and regulate p53 and Bcl-2 expression in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. J. Pharm. Several studies have revealed the detrimental properties of nanocarriers due to their toxicity [290, 291]. Soc. Med. Am. Targeted therapy using theranostic IGF1-iron oxide nanoparticles-doxorubicin significantly inhibited the growth of pancreatic PDX tumors showing potential for improved therapeutic outcomes as shown in Fig. Nat. Acta Biomater. The designed nanoformulation was spherical in shape with 15654nm size and a negative zeta potential exhibiting increased cytotoxicity in C6 glioma cells. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 7a. J. Biol. 8a for delivering temozolomide and siRNA to overcome the drawbacks of acquired resistance of glioma cells and restriction of bloodbrain-barrier (BBB) for drug delivery.

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disadvantages of nanotechnology in cancer treatment

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disadvantages of nanotechnology in cancer treatment