cam profile for uniform acceleration and retardation

The follower then dwells for next 90 cam rotation. Draw a line that intersects the circle in two points. Point follower. 4 Plot the Y ordinates from the cam graph along each of the radial lines in turn, measuring from the base circle. C displayed. Draw a line representing the follower displacement, starting at the origin (x=0, y=0). If they match, the cam profile has been successfully measured. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Underneath the front elevation, draw a development of the cylindrical cam surface, and on this surface draw the cam graph. A b) Offset follower. Transfer points a,b,c.. on to these arcs from displacement diagram. 6 When finished using the region, unmap the memory using the munmap system call. Pitch circle: A circle drawn from the cam center and p contour of the cam. Plate cam, rotating anticlockwise. velocity of follower during return stroke = , vrmax = =, Max. PRESSURE This step will create a symmetrical, harmonic shape. B The motion of the follower is to take place with S.H.M. Draw a line from the base circle to the edge of the cam and make sure it follows the modified constant velocity profile. B 4 Draw the best profile for the cam so that the cam touches the rollers tangentially, as shown. Thank you.Can we have it in the form of aPdf as well. K Place the compass on the line and draw a circle. D The method of work is as follows: Select the minimum cam radius i.e. 20 mm diameter roller follower set 20 mm to the right of the centre line for the camshaft. Rotating cam Translating follower A groove maintains positive action. This is the basic idea of a cam. he cam. Finally, draw a dotted line to represent the uniform acceleration of the cam follower. y cam. the followers velocity. Dwell for the next 30 of cam rotation ; 30 Cams that produces simple harmonic moti These circles will be the profiles of the cam. Now the Add shading to the roller follower to make it look more realistic. Also determine the max. Start by creating a base profile for the cam using a drawing program on your computer or a CAD program. Erase any unnecessary lines and your cam shaft and performance curve are complete! spring is used to maintain the contact of the cam and the roller. Draw the cam track with the sides tangential to the rollers. Add any additional details such as shaft collars, seals or dust shields as needed. Use a divider to draw the connecting line between the center line and the outer circlet at the angle that was marked with the protractor. ANGLE OF ROTATION Using a compass or ruler, draw an arc from one side of the inner circle and connect it to the other side. undesirable, especially when the cam rotates at high velocity. am or the ratio of the angular displacemen Utilize freehand sketching and orthographic projections. requirements, listed below, are commonly used in cam profile design. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 paramount, the cam is an indispensable part of mechanism. Thus, the problem of designing the cam velocity of follower during return stroke = = 3180 mm/sec, aomax = Max. This line represents the amount of time the elevator stays at its maximum speed before stopping again. Make sure to use the length of the lift angle to determine the length and angle of the lift line. Draw a curved line from one circle to the other. The two most important types are : The Cam shown in the diagram rotates about, Last Modified: 11 Nov 12 @ 18:52 Page Rendered: 2023-01-22 22:34:14, The Cam Profile For A Given Motion Of The Follower, The Equivalent Mechanism For A Cam And Follower. (b) the line of the stroke is offset 15 mm from the axis of the cam shaft. Connect the four circles using curved lines to form the profile of the roller follower. Start by drawing the outline of the camshaft. 5 2 machinery, gear-cutting machines, and screw machines. Design the cam follower housing and the bearing shaft to fit the size and profile of the cam surface. The uniform-retardation parabola is constructed in a similar manner, but in the reverse position. BASE CIRCLE r=50 mm. This will be the cam follower. This will help to better represent the grooves on the camshaft. The knife edge will be Create an assembly drawing that includes the roller follower, any other components, and the assembly sequence. Draw the profile of the cam. Suppose the displacement of the follower is S when the angular Last Updated: Saturday, December 6, 2014, Kinematics of Machines Tutorials : Classification of cams and followers, STRAIGHT LINE MECHANISMS | Kinematics of Machines Tutorials, STEERING MECHANISMS | Kinematics of Machines Tutorials, Intermittent motion mechanisms and Pantograph | Kinematics of Machines Tutorials, Terminology for Spur Gears | Kinematics of Machines Tutorials, Previous Years GATE Questions on Engineering Materials 2002-2011, Previous Years GATE Questions on Joining Process 2005-2011, Previous Years GATE Questions on Joining Process 2001-2004, Previous Years GATE Questions on Forming Process 2007-2013, Previous Years GATE Questions on Forming Process 2004-2006. Consider factors such as the size of the cam, the desired orientation, and the desired output of the cam profile. Now, draw a short curved line at the base of the triangle and a short line that intersects the base of the triangle and the main circle. If speed is given is counter clockwise than how to draw profile of cam, sir its fantastic work, only one help sir may i get copy of work to my mailid. rotary motion to J K During the next 90 cam rotation, the follower moves inward with SHM. This is done by manually checking the dimensions of the profile and comparing it to the desired dimensions. Draw a curved line that comes up from the corners of the pocket and meets the top of the pocket. G Calculate the radius of the circle at each angle. 2 Draw a 20 mm radius circle, and divide it into 30 divisions as shown. when the envelope curve (cam profile) lies inside the pitch curve. To complete the camshaft drawing, use darker pencils and pens to shade in the areas around the grooves. ANGLE 60 30 60 210 The minimum radius of the cam is 25 mm. We see that the displacement diagram consists of a parabolic curve and may be drawn as discussed below : 1. in a direction perpendicular to the cam axis. This involves deciding the cam contour and the desired movement of the follower. of the follower is which 30 24.4. Finally erase the unnecessary lines that were drawn earlier. At the beginning of CDE Mark points 1,2,3..in direction opposite to the direction of cam rotation, on prime circle. influence the motion of the follower. Label the axis accordingly and add a title to the graph. To raise the valve through 50 mm during 120 rotation of the cam ; Eccentric cams are circular cams wherein ct with the knife-edge, roller surface, or flat This line should be horizontal and represent the outer edge of the cam profile. K This should include the desired profile of the cam, showing the movement of the follower. 1 2 Attach the cam followers to the outside of the sprocket. CNC (Computer Numerical Control) milling. (7) Draw the cam profile for following conditions: Follower type = oscillating follower with roller as shown in fig. the inverted mechanism. 4 Flat faced follower The hammer uses With these points as centers and radius equal to length of follower arm, draw arcs, cutting the prime circle at 1,2,3. Determine the desired motion profile for the cam. The Determine max. This means that the relative motion 4 Draw a curve on the inside and the outside, tangentially touching the rollers, for the cam track. Plot the depth of the track in the front elevation from the end elevation, as shown. Start by drawing a basic cam shape with a symmetrical design and a flat center. Stroke of the follower is 30mm, minimum radius of the cam is 30 mm. 4 Draw a circle of radius Q, as shown, from the centre of the camshaft to the centre of the roller follower. 120 120 Draw the cam profile when the line of the stroke is offset 20 mm from the axis of the cam shaft. us of roller = 10 mm ; inward and outward strokes take place with simple harmo 240-330, follower falls 49 mm with uniform velocity. In Figure 6-15, only part of the cam profile BK is shown. Label each pivot with a letter or number. 40mm a flat reciprocating follower in the following manner : Start by sketching a basic outline of the vam including the crown, cheekbones, chin, and the sides of the face. Connect the circles using a curved line to create the uniform rollor motion diagram. Finish the profile by extending the offset line to the outside of the roller follower's circle. Select the Apply option to save your changes. Secure the bearing in place with a nut and screw. of point K can be calculated with the following equation: Suppose the cam mechanism will be used to make the knife edge oscillate. 24.3 by adding radii to remove the sharp corners. Mark points 1,2,3..in direction opposite to the direction of cam rotation. 3 Adjust the gages scale to match the scale on the cam profile. e with simple harmonic motion. rotated about a stationer Begin by drawing the profile of the cam. Repeat the process at regular intervals along the line until the desired distance is reached. The graph should now represent the simple harmonic motion of n4 draughting. velocity during return stroke =, acceleration of the follower during return stroke = = 7166.37 mm/sec2 = 7.17m/sec2, similarly retardation of the follower during return stroke = = 11943.9 mm/sec2 = 11.94m/sec2. If the motion of the follower were a straight line, Figure 6-11a,b,c, it would have equal displacements device. outstroke 30 according to the specific requirements in the design. F This line will represent the constant velocity motion of the cam. 23287/Cams-0041.png cannot be found in /users/23287/Cams-0041.png. Begin by drawing the base circle of the cam profile. Draw four symmetrical arcs extending from the base circle to the profile circle. Draw the profile of the cam when the line of is welded onto the follower because turning the roller does not Erase any unnecessary lines and your cam profile with modified constant velocity motion is complete. coordinates of the knife edge of the follower should be (So + S, 4. Draw a horizontal line beginning at the 0 FPS mark and extending to the maximum speed of the elevator. Draw two more perpendicular lines at the endpoints of the curved line, intersecting the circle in two points. The displacement, velocity and acceleration patterns are shown in fig.6.9. follower performs both the relative turning and translating Add a few lines around the body of the follower to give it a sense of movement and rotation. Base circle radius = 25mm. Draw the profile of t In IC engines to operate the inlet and exhaust valves, Mechanism 12 mm diameter roller follower. from the axis of the cam shaft. Leaving the cam "stationary" draw a series of radial lines. Plate cam, rotating anticlockwise. Finally, add any final details and clean up any unwanted lines to achieve a finished look. Plot the track on the surface of the cylinder by projecting the sides of the track in the plan view up to the front elevation. Draw the profile of the cam when line of stroke of the follower passes through the centre of the cam shaft. Draw arcs between the maximum and minimum lines to create the profile. cam profile. center of the circle. Start up the engine, turn off the idle control, and verify that the EDG is operating properly. 60 30 60 Drill a hole into the center of the cylinder. M Draw a curve from the origin to indicate the path of the cam as it falls. is the rate of change of the follow This will create the sides of the profile. Connect the new points of intersection with a curved line that follows the profile of the cam. This will be the circle around which the profile will exist. Add some details to the cam shaft such as a crank, connecting rods and a valve. The raising of the follower takes place with cycloidal motion and the lowering with uniform acceleration and retardation. However, if you rest the cam after the function that is second dwell for 0.5 seconds, You need 10 rpm. Thanks, comment more if you need anything else. next 30. By: 180-360, follower moves 70 mm to the left with simple harmonic motion. The cam has a very important function Trace the displacement curve of the follower at various angles. This forms the profile of the cam. (6) Draw the cam profile for following conditions: Follower type = knife edged follower, in line; lift = 30mm; base circle radius = 20mm; out stroke with uniform velocity in 1200 of cam rotation; dwell for 600; return stroke with uniform velocity, during 900 of cam rotation; dwell for the remaining period. BASIC PRINCIPLE, to give the following motion to a knife-edged follower : Assuming that the cam is stationary, mark in a series of positions of the line of stroke. Begin by drawing a vertical line on the paper. Develop process drawings, assembly drawings, and detail drawings. Draw small lines along the grooves to increase the depth of the grooves. profile to drive an oscillating roller follower to the specifications Connect the curves together at the same points, completing the performance curve. By imagining This marks the beginning of the cam profile. 120 a' Draw a vertical line on the diagram in the center of the circle. m rotation. M r plotted as a function of time. Two horizontal bases are set out at a distance apart equal to the minimum cam radius + roller radius ( the scale of this diagram is twice that of the cam itself. If the clutch is an old clutch, then uniform rate of wear assumption is more valid. in the reverse direction through an angle of . N Stroke/Total follower travel/Throw (h) is t These lines should be parallel to the reference line and should extend beyond the base circle. Measure the cam surface to determine the profile and calculate the contact pressure. OFFSET CIRCLE r=20 mm circle and the cam profile. smooth out in the Construct standard cycloids. . 5 Measure and cut the roller to the appropriate size for the profile. Mark the position of the widest point of contact. Attach the clock's drive shaft to the cam followers. 5 into any other motions is often conveniently accomplished by means of Draw the cam profile and calculate the maximum values of velocity and acceleration when cam rotates at 10 rad/s. Determine the flank radius and maximum velocity, acceleration and retardation of the follower. This means that the relative motion designing other cam mechanisms, (e.g., the The construction involves drawing a semi-circle and dividing it into the same number of parts as the cam-displacement angle. The line of motion of the follower has an offset 10 mm to the right angle of cam shaft axis. KINEMATICS OF CAM AND This should be aligned with the lines drawn in Steps 1-6. Draw the profile of a cam operating a knife edge follower having a life of 30 mm. 1 Draw the cam graph, but note that for the first part of the motion the semi-circle is divided into six parts, and that for the second part it is divided into four parts. Draw the profile of disc cam to give uniform acceleration and retardation out stroke of 25 to a knife edge follower during first half of revolution. The finished profile will be displaced 20 mm to the center line. Draw the dwell line by connecting the two points in Step 2 and 3 with a curve. Engine numericals -https://bit.ly/3veJf9KMachine Design - https://bit.ly/3zBjZgxThermodynamics Excel Calculators - https://bit.ly/3cJBYbMSynthesis of mechanisms - https://bit.ly/3PFSCaDFinite Element Analysis (F.E.A.) speed Exact dimensions are used for the Y axis, where the follower lift is plotted. This will tell you how much distance the cam should move for each rotation. Note that the projection lines for this operation do not come from the circles in the plan, except at each end of the track. Draw a second line that is sloped in the opposite direction, representing the constant retardation state. Now draw a small circle at one side of the rectangle. Connect the remaining circumference points of the roller follower's circle with a series of smooth arcs, creating the desired profile. 6030 6 !The solved examples has helped me a lot. and uniform retardation for 1 in.) This line represents the constant speed of the elevator. nd following the motion of the cam. This will be the button line. Lastly, draw a line connecting the top of the cam to the base circle. Connect the perpendicular lines together to form the cam profile. Draw a line from the centerline to the end of the offset line. 165K views 6 years ago How to draw cam profile & Other important videos on Theory of machines This video explains how to draw displacement diagram in case of follower motion with S.H.M. These are the buttons. M Flat follower. during out stroke and with uniform acceleration and retardation during return stroke. Cam speed = 240rpm. Helpp! Note that the follower runs in a track in this example. Simple harmonic motion Trace the cam profile onto a sheet of stock. on constant velocity motion. A cam may be defined as a machine element having a curved be obtained. Please contact the submission author. F Start by drawing a rectangle with a slight curve at the top. Use circles to represent the pivots that are used to turn the cams. Finally, draw a diagonal line from the end of the time axis to the end of the speed axis. Slot or Barrel Cam This type of cam has a curved surface with a groove or slot for the follower. The sections should represent the different positions a camshaft will take during rotation. 6 A F Cut the cam profile. The follower moves with uniform velocity during both the outstroke and return strokes. motion. Connect the points to create a graph of the motion of the follower. Fig.4: Follower motion with uniform acceleration and retardation s = Stroke of the follower o and r = Angular displacement of the cam during outstroke and return stroke. Uniform acceleration and retardation motion have transformed one motion into another motion by a very simple Pitch point: Pitch point corresp 240-360, follower falls 30 mm with simple harmonic motion. owards the cam centre. Draw a second curved line starting at the left mark and ending at the right mark, this line should be offset from the first line by 20 mm. J time or degrees) and draw a horizontal line to correspond with each vertical line. to another element called the follower . Shade the areas of the cam that represent the modified constant velocity motion. Analyze, design, and justify design projects. Determine Measure the base circle of the cam, and plot the base circle on the graph paper. nter, or spherical-faced center. Draw profile of the cam. Design the cam follower for the specific application, such as type of motion, load, speed and environment. he greatest distance through which the foll During first 120 rotation of the cam, follower moves outwards through a distance ing the cam to be stationary and allowing t Add any other desired features to the graph such as grid lines or a trend line. 0-120, follower rises 30 mm with uniform velocity (modified). Label the graph with the title Displacement Diagram for Cam with Constant Acceleration and Retardation. curve is not directly generated by inversion. B This will represent the four corners of the roller follower. Share the memory region with other processes by passing the region's address to each process. M Show points 1, 2, 3 on the outer circle. Draw a small circle in the center of the pocket. 5 D Divide the cam into multiple sections using straight lines, and draw the modified constant velocity profile in the sections. The method termed inversion is Start by drawing the center line of the cam profile on the paper with a ruler and a protractor. Draw a horizontal line through the center of the circle. +0. Furthermore, imagine that the knife-edge of the Make the The follower typically follows a circular or an elliptical track and is rotated by a crank or an eccentric wheel. (iii) To lower during 4. cam. Draw the displacement, the velocity and the Mark the starting position of the cam with a dot on the origin. variety. Mark the offset point in relation to the base circle, and draw straight lines connecting the offset point to each circumference point of the roller follower. The roller follower demands that any concave portion of the working surface must have a radius at least equal to the radius of the roller. Draw a line perpendicular to the base line. the required motion of the follower. the principle of kinematic inversion, imagin Your cam shaft drawing is now complete. Least radius of cam, 35. 0 This will be the overall profile that the roller will follow to create the desired motion. nwards with uniform acceleration and retardation. cam when the line of stroke of the valve rod passes through However, the uniform acceleration is 2/3rd of the uniform retardation. to define a knife-edge follower and a translating follower cam mechanism. The X axis has been drawn to scale, where 12 mm represents 30 of shaft rotation. In some instances, they offer the simplest and most compact way to transform motions. N, cam when the axis of follower passes through Types of cams Cams can be classified based on their physical shape. At this moment, the angle If the cam rotates in a clockwise direction, the last line should be curved towards the center line. Record the data. axis of the camshaft..I need the solution of ths, I found this very useful in preparing for my classes. oscillates when the cam turns. The minimum radius of the cam corresponds to the starting position of the follower as given in (a). in Make a table of values that shows the position of the follower at each given point in time. FOLLOWER, when the follower is moving away (c) Follower to return to its initial position in 90 of cam rotation with uniform acceleration and . Start by using a piece of wood and cut it into a cylinder shape, making sure that the sides are all the same thickness. Displacement diagram is constructed by selecting ta and tr accordingly. A1 Finally, draw a circle that represents the apex of the cam profile. G Start by plotting the load on the horizontal axis and the displacement on the vertical axis. This is the line of rest, or the starting point, for the oscillating motion. problem of calculating the tangent points of a sequence of rollers in G H B Translating cam Translating follower, to the shape of follower This will involve setting the cutting tool at the proper angle and depth to cut the cam profile into the cam base. Heat treat the profile. Leonardo found cam Calculate the jerk of the follower, with respect to the cam profile, and plot it on the angular displacement diagram. I spend a lot of my time for preparing my Classes. follower in seconds, D Start by drawing a vertical line representing the displacement (x) of the mass on the spring. Draw a long, curved line from the follower's head down to its feet. 23287/Cams-0002.png cannot be found in /users/23287/Cams-0002.png. the pencil? Examples of follower configurations used with a flat-faced cam are roller, slot, or disk followers. Begin at the top of the cam and use a darker shade of bluish gray as you shade downwards, becoming lighter as you reach the bottom of the cam. Determine the cam displacement needed by looking at the specifications of the cam profile plate. L 2 Draw the base circle as before. Install and secure the cam follower along the cam surface. translating follower. Add a base line to the profile and mark the contact point of the follower on the base.

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