[3] Most Christmas carols reflect this older translation, with "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear", for example, using the words "Peace on the earth, good will to men, / From Heaven's all gracious King.". This is the central panel of a large altarpiece made for the church of San Pier Maggiore, Florence. The predella depicted scenes from the life of the churchs patron saint, Peter, and there were probably also two supporting pilasters on either side of the entire construction, decorated with images of saints. The original version of the ancient Codex Sinaiticus (denoted * by scholars[7][8]) has this reading,[5] but it has been altered by erasure of the last letter[4][9] to epi gs eirn en anthrpois eudokia ( ), literally "on earth (first subject: peace) to men (second subject: good will)," with two subjects in the nominative case. Name: Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds Date: 1259-1260 Medium: Marble Location: Pisa, Italy Subject/Theme: Saint Mary, Jesus Christ Context: relief panel on the baptistery pulpit Image: 14-3 Artist: Giovanni Pisano Name: Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds Date: 1297-1301 Medium: Marble This is one of the earliest example of a panel painting with a gold background showing a night scene, though it had been shown in a fresco by Taddo Gaddi in the Baroncelli Chapel in the church of Santa Croce in Florence. And that something is usually responsible for all the creepy things that happen in the film or the book. The Roman soldiers who have been posted to guard Christs tomb from grave robbers have fallen asleep. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! The Coronation of the Virgin: Central Main Tier Panel, The Adoration of the Kings: Upper Tier Panel, The Three Marys at the Sepulchre: Upper Tier Panel, The Nativity with the Annunciation to the Shepherds and the Adoration of the Shepherds: Upper Tier Panel, Research, private study, or for internal circulation within an educational organisation (such as a school, college or university), Non-profit publications, personal websites, blogs, and social media. So, when you break into a house at night, looking for a place to stay, all you need to do is have a sugar high and some clairs and youll be well on your way to an uneasy nights rest. For example, the 1485 Adoration of the shepherds scene by Domenico Ghirlandaio includes the annunciation to the shepherds peripherally, in the upper left corner, even though it represents an episode occurring prior to the main scene. They were separated by sawing down the full length of the thick panel. Part of the nativity story and common subject in Christian art, Adoration of the Shepherds (disambiguation), "The Cyber Hymnal: Come, All Ye Shepherds", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adoration_of_the_Shepherds&oldid=1144604017, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Poussin's painting was vandalised in 2011, along with his, This page was last edited on 14 March 2023, at 16:10. They are presented here as documentation, not as a reflection of Getty's values. This panel, which comes from an altarpiece made for the church of San Pier Maggiore in Florence, belongs to a sequence of narrative scenes showing events from Christs birth, the Resurrection and Ascension. The disparity reflects a dispute about the Greek text of the New Testament involving a single letter. Many artists have depicted the Adoration of the Shepherds. However, this is a free translation of the German, which says "Hirten erst kund gemacht / durch der Engel Halleluja That is "Shepherds heard the news first, through (by means of) the angels' Halleluja. This panel was the first in a series showing scenes from Christs life, the Resurrection and his ascension to heaven and was part of a four-tiered altarpiece made for the Florentine church of San Pier Maggiore. Adoration of the Shepherds by Matthias Stom, c. 163540. The landscape varies, though scenes in the background of a Nativity very often show the shepherds on a steep hill, making visual sense of their placement above the main Nativity scene. It is related to the older but less frequently represented annunciation to the shepherds, which shows the same shepherds in the fields receiving from an angel news of the miraculous birth. It formed the middle tier of a large multi-panelled altarpiece made for the Florentine convent church of San Pier Maggiore. Nicola Pisano; Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds; 1260; Late Gothic/Early Renaissance Giovanni Pisano; Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds; 1300; Late Gothic/Early Renaissance Cimabue (Cenni de Pepo); Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets; 1280; Late Gothic/Early Renaissance Or, rather, he had a lot else to doshepherding, for examplebut he felt obliged to fulfill his royal patrons wish. This is very commonly combined with the Adoration of the Magi, which makes for a balanced composition, as the two groups often occupy opposite sides of the image space around the central figures, and fitted with the theological interpretation of the episode, where the two groups represented the peoples of the world between them. His identity is unknown but he could be Niccol di Pietro di Gerini who collaborated with Jacopo di Cione on other projects, or Niccol di Tommaso. Description. Facts About German Shepherd You Never Knew. To save this word, you'll need to log in. Where Have Shepherds Been Kneeling Lately? The Nativity and the Adoration of the Shepherds Place Italy (Artist's nationality) Date Made 1507-1517 Medium Engraving in black on cream laid paper Dimensions 34.2 22.5 cm (13 1/2 8 7/8 in.) [image] Definition. Christmas cantatas often deal with the Annunciation. We could talk about the symbolism of the painting for ages. The massive Madonna is derived from the Phaedra on a sarcophagus in the Camposanto, Pisa. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'annunciation.' So, there you have it. 15 When the angels had left them and gone into heaven, the shepherds said to one another, Let us go now to Bethlehem and see this thing that has taken place, which the Lord has made known to us. 16 So they went with haste and found Mary and Joseph, and the child lying in the manger. The deep spaces between the people suggest motion. Some of these do so along the lines of urging the listener to come to Bethlehem such as the "Shepherd's Pipe Carol". Or, better yet, a werewolf. Language and societal norms shift, and we seek to reflect such changes as we update information made available online. The central panel shows the coronation of the Virgin by Christ, which occurred, according to legend, after her body and soul were taken up into heaven. The French may see themselves as the sophisticated descendants of the noble savages of De La Tours time, but, in reality, theyre just as sentimental as the rest of us. So, its no surprise that they have such a soft spot for the shepherds. These images come from a large, four-tiered altarpiece created for the high altar of the choir of the church of San Pier Maggiore in Florence. Cataloging is a continuous work in progress . (If youre lucky, you might even see a ghost. It was founded by the first bishop of Florence, Saint Zenobius, in the fifth century. The figures look jumbled and stressed. These panels sat above the main tier of images showing the heavenly coronation of the Virgin. The Annunciation to the shepherds which precedes the adoration forms a distinct subject in Christian art and is sometimes included in a Nativity scene as a peripheral feature (even though it occurs prior to the adoration itself), as in the 1485 scene by Domenico Ghirlandaio, where it can be seen in the upper left corner. Deeply associated with the Christmas imagery, they have been the inspiration for various artists over time, from Giotto (1267-1337) to Salvador Dal (1904-1989). What is the Adoration of the shepherds in La Flora Hours? Glory to God in the highest, on earth peace, good will to men. An important and wealthy Florentine family, the Albizzi, commissioned the altarpiece; it is likely that various members contributed towards the cost of its production. The right-hand panel of this Maryan altarpiece is also still in existence, still complete and now in the Staatsgalerie Burghausen, in Bavaria. A charming but atypical miniature in the La Flora Hours in Naples shows the shepherds playing to the Infant Jesus, as a delighted Virgin Mary stands to one side. He finished this work in 1260 and signed with "Nicola Pisanus". This is the moment of the Annunciation of the Shepherds, when they were told that Christ had been born. The saints arranged neatly in rows look towards the central panel which shows Christ crowning the Virgin Mary of the four-tiered altarpiece that this picture comes from. It was made up of a number of separate panels, most of which are now in the National Gallerys collection. }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); Jared Dees is the creator of The Religion Teacher and the author of 31 Days to Becoming a Better Religious Educator & Christ in the Classroom. Despite the horrors that it represents, despite all that blood and all those groovy 80s synthpop effects, despite that it was actually painted to commemorate a real-life tragedy, despite all that, the French still get a thrill out of it when they see it in person, or when they hear it on French radio or television. An angel surrounded by dark clouds illuminates the shepherds watching their sheep and announces the birth of Christ to them. Prepare students for First Communion & Confirmation, The Religion Teacher | Catholic Religious Education. The Adoration of the Shepherds, in the Nativity of Jesus in art, is a scene in which shepherds are near witnesses to the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, arriving soon after the actual birth. The Adoration of the Shepherds, in the Nativity of Jesus in art, is a scene in which shepherds are near witnesses to the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, arriving soon after the actual birth. The German does go on to say the song sounds loudly from far and near - "tnt es laut von fern und nah ". Have you signed up to receive the free eBook, The Religion Teachers Guide to Lesson Planning. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Along with the Agony in the Garden and the Arrest of Christ the scene was one of those used most often in the development of the depiction of night scenes, especially in 15th century Early Netherlandish painting and manuscript illustration (see illustrations here and the Geertgen tot Sint Jans linked above). Its now within the Louvre Museum, in Paris, which bought it in 1926.Artist:Georges en TourDimensions:107 cm 137 cm (42 in 54 in)Location:Louvre, ParisYear:1644. S. F. B. The herald angels sing, This combination is first found in the 6th century Monza ampullae made in Byzantine Palaestina Prima . Brazilian Mastiff Dog Breed: 10 Amazing Facts You Must Know, The Best Dog Food For Australian Shepherd Dogs And Puppies, Essential Oil Anointing According To The Bible. In many of these paintings the shepherds bring humble gifts, symbolic counterparts of the magnificent ones brought by the Magi; the most frequent gift is a lamb with tied feet, perhaps also symbolizing Christs sacrifice. One that will forever be associated with Mardi Gras in Paris. "Glory to the newborn King; However, this was only carried out after another piece of the panel had been sawn off. It is generally considered significant that this message was given to shepherds, who were located on the lower rungs of the social ladder in first-century Palestine. This scene in particular is much like the fathers work. Send us feedback about these examples. What was it about the simple life of a shepherd that inspired such awe? The phrase "peace to men on whom his favor rests" has been interpreted both as expressing a restriction to a particular group of people that God has chosen[16] and inclusively, as God displaying favor to the world.[17]. The Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds that sculpted by Nicola Pisano. Your email address will not be published. The majority of the panels which made up the main section of the altarpiece are in the National Gallery, while paintings from the predella and pilasters have been identified in other collections. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The massive Madonna is derived from the Phaedra on a sarcophagus in the Camposanto, Pisa. The Adoration from the Shepherds is really a 1644 oil-on-canvas painting through the French artist Georges en Tour. It was found on Roman a sarcophagus which is made by marble. "Annunciation and Adoration of the Shepherds" a relief panel on the pulpit of Sant'Andrea Pistoia, Italy French Gothic style influenced this work. Not just the fact that its a beautiful representation of Christs last supper. They call for voodoo, for example, or theyll put a curse on you. [14] Contrasting with the more powerful characters mentioned in the Nativity, such as the Emperor Augustus, they seem to reflect Mary's words in the Magnificat: "He has brought down rulers from their thrones but has lifted up the humble. This combination is first found in the 6th-century Monza ampullae made in Palestine. Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Giovanni Pisanos looser, dynamic composition, sinuous lines, and lean elegant figures all reflect the Gothic tastes of the reigning French court. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Explore museums and play with Art Transfer, Pocket Galleries, Art Selfie, and more. Annunciation Obedience Game (Mireille Mishriky) Feast of the Annunciation Spiritual Adoption Activity (Look to Him and Be Radiant) Visits from an Angel Activities (Sermons4Kids) Yes / No Youth Group Game (Young Catholics) The Annunciation Object Lesson (Future Flying Saucers) The Angelus Prayer for Children (The Religion Teacher) js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; It is now in the Louvre Museum, in Paris, which purchased it in 1926.Artist: Georges de La TourDimensions: 107 cm 137 cm (42 in 54 in)Location: Louvre, ParisYear: 1644 25 Signs Your Dog DoesnT Love You (Answered), Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy, The Possession at Loudun by Michel de Certeau, Michael B. Smith, Stephen Greenblatt University of Chicago Press, 2000, The Rough Guide to Paris (Travel Guide eBook) by Rough Guides Apa Publications, 2018, Marketing Michelin: Advertising and Cultural Identity in Twentieth-Century by Stephen L. Harp, Stephen L.. Harp Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001, Justice for All: The Truth about Metallica by Joel McIver Omnibus Press, 2014, The Years by Annie Ernaux, Alison L. Strayer Seven Stories Press, 2017. This recognition and privilege were apt given that the churchs founder was the citys first bishop. In the former, he based his image of Mary on a form from Etruscan tomb sculpture and in the latter he borrowed from a sarcophagus image of the Phaedra to depict her. Nervous agitation is detected as if "moved by spiritual passion". A brief discussion of Nicola and Giovanni Pisano and their Annunciation, Nativity and Adoration of the Shepherds.Twitter: @arthist_101 The scene is framed by panels on the left and right which show rows of saints looking on. Dog Dandruff Shampoo How To Get Rid Of Dog Dandruff, 12 Things Only Border Collie Dog Owners Understand. Learn a new word every day. Nicola Pisano, Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the. They were depicted in such scenes because, as the first local people to worship Christ, they symbolize the spreading of Christianity among the Jews, just as the Magi, the first of the Gentiles to see and worship the Christ Child, symbolize the spread of Christianity throughout the pagan world. The standard Byzantine depiction, still used in Eastern Orthodox icons to the present, is to show the scene in the background of a Nativity, typically on the right, while the Three Magi approach on the left. Giovanni Pisano carved this Nativity and Annunciation to the Shepherds for the pulpit of Pisa Cathedral. Here is a collection of activities, crafts, and worksheets you can use to teach young people about the Annunciation of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke. The adoration of the shepherds was never treated as a separate theme in the East and not until the 15th century in the West. Surviving documents refer to a designer: Niccolaio. The Adoration of the Shepherds is a 1644 oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Georges de La Tour. On the front of that panel the Adoration of the Magi is depicted, as well as the painters monogram and the year 1531. [6], Venerable Bede makes a similar comment: The shepherds hasten, for the presence of Christ must not be sought with sluggishness; and many perchance that seek Christ do not merit to find Him, because they seek Him slothfully.[7], Adoration of the Magi in the Byzantine and Christian Museum in Athens, French Limoges enamel plaque, mid-16th century, Ukrainian religious icon, late 17th century. The angel's pronouncement is met with Mary's willing consent ("Here am I, the servant of the Lord; let it be with me . The figures seem to portray a nervous agitation, as if moved by spiritual passion, this can be seen by the many postureofthe people represented. "[2] Deciding to do as the angel had said, the shepherds travel to Bethlehem, and find Mary and Joseph and the infant Jesus lying in the manger, just as they had been told. The annunciation to the shepherds became less common as an independent subject in the late Middle Ages,[19] but depictions continued in later centuries. Just saying. Talk about pressure. var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; The panels of the pulpit give a continuous narrative with the Annunciation, Nativity and Annunciation to the Shepherds; the Adoration of the Magi depicted as the Three Ages of Man; the Presentation in the Temple; the Crucifixion; and the Last Judgment. One moose, two moose. Nativity and Annunciation to the Shepherds, DPLA's Statement on Potentially Harmful Content, Brigham Young University - Harold B. Lee Library, Nativity and annunciation to the shepherds, https://utah-primoprod.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=digcoll_byu_12Civilization/930&context=L&vid=MWDL. Worship the King. And, if that doesnt work, theyll pull a Freddy Kruger on you and chop off your dick. Mary and the Angel Lesson Plan (The Catholic Toolbox), Gabriel Visits Mary Lesson Plan (Kids Sunday School), Annunciation Obedience Game (Mireille Mishriky), Feast of the Annunciation Spiritual Adoption Activity (Look to Him and Be Radiant), Visits from an Angel Activities (Sermons4Kids), Yes / No Youth Group Game (Young Catholics), The Annunciation Object Lesson (Future Flying Saucers), The Angelus Prayer for Children (The Religion Teacher), Annunciation Prayer Craft (Catholic Inspired), Mary and the Angel Figurine Craft (Sunday School Kids), Feast of the Annunciation Craft Activity Ideas (A Slice of Smith Life), Annunciation Coloring Pages (Family in Feast and Feria), Annunciation Coloring Page (Catholic Icing), Josephs Annunciation Worksheet (The Religion Teacher Members), The Annunciation Worksheet (The Religion Teacher Members). According to the Gospel of Luke (Luke 2: 716), the angel appeared to the shepherds at night to tell them of Jesuss birth. painting of the Adoration of the shepherds, The Gospel of Luke: A commentary on the Greek text, top left of the relevant page, at the end of the sixth line of the first column, The Guide to United States Popular Culture, The Telegraph: A history of Morse's invention and its predecessors in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annunciation_to_the_shepherds&oldid=1144618872, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 March 2023, at 17:45. It is often combined in art with the Adoration of the Magi, in which case it is typically just referred to by the latter title. German Shepherd Everything You Need to Know. fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); ", "Infant Holy, Infant Lowly", "I Wonder as I Wander", and "O Come, Little Children". There to see heaven descend to us all. For example, Samuel Morse's farewell message in 1871 read "Greetings and thanks to the telegraph fraternity throughout the world. Copyright 2023 - raylexshepherds.com. Whether you are a veteran teacher or in your first year, this guide provides a step by step process to effective lesson planning and provides 250 suggestions for activities and teaching strategies. The phrase "Peace on earth, good will to men" has been widely used in a variety of contexts. Little cakes, sometimes filled with rat meat or frog legs, other times stuffed with all kinds of thingslike the traditional clair, which contains chocolate and creamcan give you a scare for days. Date dates to 1525. ; 2015-05-15 17:01:40 Medium canvas, fresco Dimensions height: 222 cm (87.4 in) ; width: 165 cm (64.9 in) dimensions QS:P2048,+222U174728 dimensions QS:P2049,+165U174728 Collection Giovannis father, Nicola Pisano, had created a pulpit for the baptistery of Pisa Cathedral about forty years before Giovanni made this work. So, to avoid any misunderstandings (not that De La Tour is usually one to give a damn about misunderstandings), lets just say that for a while after that fateful day, the French shepherd didnt really have much to do. Delivered to your inbox! (function(d, s, id) { Famous examples include: Several well-known Christmas carols mention the adoration of the shepherds. What is the Adoration of the shepherds? Many artists have depicted the Adoration of the Shepherds. Jared Dees is the creator of The Religion Teacher and the author of 31 Days to Becoming a Better Religious Educator, To Heal, Proclaim, and Teach, Beatitales, and Christ in the Classroom. Biblical narrative [ edit] Rembrandt The Angel Appearing to the Shepherds, 1634 Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for annunciation, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about annunciation. Trefoil arches and supporting lions. In the first chapter of the Gospel of Luke, the Angel Gabriel visits the Virgin Mary to announce the birth of Jesus Christ. Adoration of the Shepherds by Domenico Ghirlandaio, 1485. These two panels once formed a panel of a Maryan altarpiece. The infant Christ lies in a manger covered with a red cloth, which adds a regal element to his humble birth. The ritual was sealed when the bishop offered a ring to the convents abbess. The Adoration of the Shepherds is an episode in the nativity narrative of the Gospel of Luke. The novelty song "I Yust Go Nuts at Christmas" uses the line to juxtapose the meaning of the holiday with the often chaotic nature of the celebrations; as Gabriel Heatter preaches the annunciation of peace and good will, (just) at that moment, someone slugs Uncle Ben., Joachim Wtewael, Annunciation to the Shepherds, 1606, Jules Bastien-Lepage, The Annunciation to the Shepherds, 1875, Carl Bloch, The Sheperds and the angel, 1879, Heinrich Vogeler The Annunciation to the Shepherds, 1902, Henry Ossawa Tanner, Angels Appearing before the Shepherds, 1910. This image is licensed for non-commercial use under a Creative Commons agreement. annunciation: [noun] March 25 observed as a church festival in commemoration of the announcement of the Incarnation to the Virgin Mary. Or, perhaps, De La Tours masterpiece is a work of art that transcends time and speaks to the human consciencereminding us that, even today, beauty can still be found in the most horrifying of circumstances. After this, a great many more angels appear, praising God with the words "Glory to God in the highest heaven, and on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests. The episode plays a much greater role in Charles Wesley's "Hark! This scene is mirrored on a panel on the other side of the central image. The German carol "Kommet, ihr Hirten" (Come, you Shepherds) reflects the Annunciation and the Adoration of the shepherds. License and download a high-resolution image for reproductions up to A3 size from the National Gallery Picture Library. The right-hand panel of this Maryan altarpiece is also still in existence, still complete and now in the Staatsgalerie Burghausen, in Bavaria. Such images were usually reserved for large wall paintings. The adoration of the shepherds was . The Nativity with the Annunciation to the Shepherds Jacopo di Cione and workshop The San Pier Maggiore Altarpiece Overview / In-depth These images come from a large, four-tiered altarpiece created for the high altar of the choir of the church of San Pier Maggiore in Florence. The Herald Angels Sing" (1739), which begins: Hark! What is the Annunciation to the shepherds? The originally German carol "Silent Night" has "Shepherds quake at the sight; / Glories stream from heaven afar, / Heavenly hosts sing Alleluia!" This will be a sign to you: You will find a baby wrapped in cloths and lying in a manger."[1]. The images, their inscriptions, - and, in some cases, their titles - are products of their time. The shepherd in the middle is pointing to the scene taking place above their heads. [20] A charming but atypical miniature in the La Flora Hours in Naples shows the shepherds playing to the Infant Jesus, as a delighted Virgin Mary stands to one side. Definition. Many Christmas carols mention the annunciation to the shepherds, with the Gloria in Excelsis Deo being the most ancient. "[2] "Suddenly a great company of the heavenly host" (the Greek word used here indicates a military formation, an army) appeared and joined the angel, singing "Glory to God in the highest heaven, and peace among those of good will."[3]. In Renaissance art, drawing on classical stories of Orpheus, the shepherds are sometimes depicted with musical instruments. if (d.getElementById(id)) return; Each corner tells a different story keeping the audience engaged throughout this scene. The Douay-Rheims Bible, translated from the Latin Vulgate, derives from the same Greek text as the original Codex Sinaiticus, but renders it "on earth peace to men of good will. The painting has been attributed to Jacopo di Cione on the basis of its style. This panel represents three scenes: the Annunciation, the Birth of Jesus (Nativity) and the Adoration of the Shepherds. Its a haunting image. God and sinners reconciled!" Annunciation, Nativity, and the Adoration of the Shepherds. The missing piece is now in Schlo Harburg and luckily it has not split, like the Maastricht fragments. Christ crowns the Virgin, after her body and soul have been taken up to heaven. This is also very common in the West, though the Magi are very often omitted. The modern "Calypso Carol" has the lines "Shepherds swiftly from your stupor rise / to see the Saviour of the world," and the chorus "O now carry me to Bethlehem." All Right Reserved. A panel on the other side of the central image mirrors the scene here. One of the most famous pieces of work during Mardi Gras season is without a doubt De La Tours painting of the Adoration of the Shepherds. The annunciation to the shepherds is an episode in the Nativity of Jesus described in the Bible in Luke 2, in which angels tell a group of shepherds about the birth of Jesus. ), But its not just the pastry that does the trick. "[15] The scene is very commonly combined with the Adoration of the Magi, which makes for a balanced composition, as the two groups often occupy opposite sides of the image space around the central figures, and represent the theological interpretation of the episode where the two groups Jewish and gentile represented the peoples of the world between them. "[11] In the New American Bible, this is updated to "on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests."[12][13]. Infrared reflectography has revealed that at least two artists were involved in the initial drawings for the painting such a large scale painting was likely to be a collaborative project. You see, as much as we admire De La Tour and his incredible painting, we should probably admit that it wasnt always so calm and peaceful in the life of a French shepherd. "[1] The angelic promise is accompanied by a sign: they will find the saviour in the form of "a baby wrapped in cloths and lying in a manger.
annunciation nativity and adoration of the shepherds
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