management of noise induced hearing loss

In the Weber test (Figure 4), sound will lateralize to the side away from a sensorineural loss and toward a conductive deficit. Noise-induced hearing loss affects roughly 17 percent of adults, and is the result of repeated or excessive exposure to loud noises. Research suggests that significant noise-induced hearing loss usually develops after 10 or more years of exposure. Auditory dysfunction in occupational noise exposed workers. An introduction and examination of the role of teleaudiology in modern audiologic practice are discussed in this course. Niskar AS, Kieszak SM, Holmes AE, Esteban E, Rubin C, Brody DJ. 2023 Mar;131(3):34001. doi: 10.1289/EHP12762. Noise can cause permanent hearing loss at chronic exposures equal to an average SPL of 85 dB(A) or higher for an eight-hour period.7 Based on the logarithmic scale, a 3-dB increase in SPL represents a doubling of the sound intensity. 2018 Jun;61(6):477-491. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22833. Our site uses cookies to improve your experience. A hearing aid was prescribed. Avoiding noise exposure stops further progression of the damage. As the diagnosis states, the cause of the loss has been established from at least one known source (occupational or recreational, traumatic or progressive). This paper describes a study investigating attitudes to noise as an occupational hazard. Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation. Lets make it a reality. Edited by: Services USDoHH. We take your privacy seriously. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Photo exhibition Equitable access to ear and hearing care can transform lives. -, Masterson EA, Themann CL, Luckhaupt SE, et al. Noise-induced hearing loss is a function of sound energy duration, intensity, and genetic polymorphisms modifying the cochlear injury response. Audiologists can test a greater number of frequencies and can measure air and bone conduction to confirm whether the loss is sensorineural, conductive or mixed. Bethesda, MB: 1990. government site. Vocational rehabilitation may be necessary to ensure that patients can function safely and effectively with their hearing impairment. Copyright 2000 by the American Academy of Family Physicians. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. The Rinne test (Figure 5) will demonstrate air conduction better than bone conduction if the loss is sensorineural. Noise Health. We avoid using tertiary references. 8600 Rockville Pike Kids and teens are often exposed to noise levels that could permanently harm their hearing over time. J Occup Environ Med. Some professions that have high rates of noise-induced hearing loss include: Hearing loss may harm your health in a number of ways. All rights reserved. The global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss. Assist patient and family in coping with hearing deficit. But even if your hearing returns to normal, cells in the inner ear may still be destroyed. The manual was developed through an evidence-based consultative process. 2017 Jun;349:21-30. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.11.014. Its not as much a matter of how loud a sound seems, but how forcefully the sound waves enter the structure of your ear. https://www.audiologyonline.com/audiology-ceus/course/20q-audiologic-care-musicians-36100, 20Q: Audiologic Care for Musicians - Creating the Perfect Harmony, AAA/0.1 Intermediate; ACAud/1.0; AHIP/1.0; ASHA/0.1 Intermediate, Professional; BAA/1.0; CAA/1.0; Calif SLPAB/1.0; IACET/0.1; IHS/1.0; Kansas, LTS-S0035/1.0; NZAS/1.0; SAC/1.0, https://www.audiologyonline.com/audiology-ceus/course/assessment-firearm-noise-exposures-and-31240, Assessment of Firearm Noise Exposures and Hearing Loss Prevention, AAA/0.1 Advanced; ACAud/1.0; AHIP/1.0; BAA/1.0; CAA/1.0; Calif SLPAB/1.0; IACET/0.1; IHS/1.0; Kansas, LTS-S0035/1.0; NZAS/1.0; SAC/1.0, https://www.audiologyonline.com/audiology-ceus/course/best-practices-for-music-industry-33289, Best Practices for Music Industry Patients: Recommendations and "Real World" Care, AAA/0.1 Advanced; ASHA/0.1 Advanced, Professional; BAA/1.0; CAA/1.0; Calif SLPAB/1.0; IACET/0.1; IHS/1.0; Kansas, LTS-S0035/1.0; NZAS/1.0; SAC/1.0, https://www.audiologyonline.com/audiology-ceus/course/telehealth-and-modern-hearing-conservation-38412, Telehealth and Modern Hearing Conservation. This seminar will describe the magnitude of firearm noise exposure and will describe noise reduction solutions and hearing protection recommendations. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. Am J Ind Med. A teenaged girl was seen for a school physical examination. He has had several publications and has taught both undergraduate and graduate level courses at Rutgers University and Kean University. This initial hearing loss may remain unnoticed by the affected individual, since speech comprehension is largely unaffected (11). These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) affects approximately five percent of the population worldwide (Zhou et al., 2013), making it a global public health concern. People may also They can also perform tests for speech discrimination and speech reception threshold. Heres how noise-induced hearing loss happens, how (and if) it can be treated, and how to prevent it from happening. which 60% of cases are due to preventable causes. If you work in a hazardous noise environment, speak to your supervisor or compliance officer about OSHA recommendations on your amount of noise exposure. The mSafeListening handbook provides evidence-based message libraries for the promotion of safe Alberti PW, Symons F, Hyde ML. Problems hearing at meetings and social gatherings. Hear Res. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. The site is secure. Currently, the treatment of noise-induced hearing loss is limited to hearing amplification and counseling. Noise-induced hearing loss is preventable. Suite 220 CDC twenty four seven. Noise-induced hearing loss is commonly characterized by: There are several tools that can help you if youre experiencing noise-induced hearing loss. (2021). These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. In some cases, a single exposure to loud noise can cause immediate hearing loss. Take care when exposing yourself to loud noises. MeSH Rasidi WNA, Seluakumaran K, Jamaluddin SA. See related patient information handout on preventing noise-induced hearing loss, written by the author of this article. An office audiogram showed a high-frequency hearing loss (Figure 2). Etemadinezhad S, Sammak Amani A, Moosazadeh M, Rahimlou M, Samaei SE. If the clinician suspects hearing loss, a careful history of symptoms such as hearing loss, discharge, tinnitus and vertigo should be obtained; the ears should then be examined, and audiometry performed. This includes those who are exposed to loud sounds regularly or repeatedly, such as at: About 16 percent of adult hearing loss is related to noise exposure at work. What are the recent developments in the management of noise-induced hearing loss? 25% - The percentage or people gets higher when you look at Hearing loss can result from damage to structures and/or nerve fibers in the inner ear that respond to sound. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has no specific of exclusive audiological signs. 26 million adults between the ages of 20 and 69. PhysicalTherapy.com 17% of all U.S. adults between the ages of 20 and 69, representing approximately 26 million people, have suffered hearing damage from excessive exposure to noise. We've reviewed the 8 best OTC hearing aids of the year, If you think you may have symptoms of otosclerosis, or are experiencing problems with your hearing more generally, its important to see a doctor for, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Learn about the causes of noise-induced hearing loss and how to prevent it, so your kidsand youcan have healthy hearing for life. Initially, patients may be reluctant to consider using hearing aids, associating them with the stigma of old age. The family physician can encourage a patient with significant hearing loss to seek treatment and can work with the patient and family to help them cope with a hearing disability. While NIHL cant be cured, there are treatments that can help improve your hearing. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. If you or those around you have noticed that youre less responsive to sounds, especially at the level of normal conversation, you may have some degree of hearing loss. loss; 430 million of them have disabling hearing loss. Acoustic trauma, a related condition, results from an acute exposure to short-term impulsive noise.2, Noise is perhaps the most common occupational and environmental hazard. Sensorineural hearing loss may be caused by exposure to excessive loud noise, presbycusis, ototoxic medications, or Meniere's disease. This course will provide an overview of cochlear synaptopathy and the potential functional consequences of this pathology. listening behaviours and prevention of hearing loss. Noise-induced hearing loss results from repeated loud noises that damage the delicate structures in your ear. PMC and sign language instruction for young children and their families. The Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation conducts courses in audiometry and hearing conservation for audiologists, audiometric technicians and medical professionals. This content is owned by the AAFP. But if you continue to be exposed to loud concerts or fireworks, you can have lasting hearing loss. If enough healthy cells are left, your hearing will eventually come back. If the noise cannot be reduced at its source then the next logical step is to reduce the high intensity noise levels as they enter the ear using ear plugs/muffs. Unilateral hearing loss plus tinnitus should increase . (2001). Advise patient to use hearing protection and avoid excessive noise (lifelong) to limit further hearing loss. Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector, 1981-2010. If you think you have noise-induced hearing loss, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider. You can also find help through groups like the Hearing Loss Association of America. This document provides a library globally are at risk of hearing loss due to sound You may have difficulty following conversation or communicating with friends and family. 1992 Jun;102(6):645-55. doi: 10.1288/00005537-199206000-00010. Occupational hearing loss of market mill workers in the city of Accra, Ghana. Of the more than 28 million Americans with some degree of hearing impairment, as many as 10 million have hearing loss caused in part by excessive noise exposure in the workplace or during recreational activities.9 The economic costs of occupational hearing loss have been estimated to be in the billions of dollars.10 Noise-induced hearing loss has been well recognized since the industrial revolution. If these examinations disclose evidence of hearing loss, referral for full audiologic evaluation is recommended. Copyright 2023 American Academy of Family Physicians. They work closely with physicians, when necessary, and are an important part of the management team. 2014 May-Jun;16(70):183-8. doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.134919. Protect Their Hearing. You may be referred to an ENT (otolaryngologist). 2023 Mar 17;12(6):2347. doi: 10.3390/jcm12062347. Casella Launches Its Enhanced 620 Sound Level Meter to Protect Workers from Noise-induced Hearing Loss. 1 National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/noise-induced-hearing-loss. These include special hearing protection for musicians and hunters. Sometimes, the hearing loss is temporary and reversible without treatment. Noise-induced hearing loss is caused by damage to the hair cells that are found in the inner ear. Kerns E, Masterson EA, Themann CL, Calvert GM. Preventing noise-induced hearing loss. HPDs are commercially available or can be custom made for consistency of the fit. Physicians can obtain samples from manufacturers and keep them in the office for distribution and demonstration of techniques for proper use. Because of frequent legal purposes, audiometrical data measured and analyzed have furthermore to be as accurate and reliable as possible. Accessibility Noise-induced hearing loss therefore represents excessive wear and tear on the delicate inner ear structures. Problems hearing in noisy surroundings, like in a restaurant. These devices are commonly referred to as noise filters or hearing protection devices (HPDs). Immunizing adolescent girls and women of reproductive age against rubella before pregnancy, and preventing cytomegalovirus infections in pregnant women, can reduce the risk of babies born with congenital hearing loss or deafness. [Current audiological tests in the diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss caused by noise]. Bess FH, Dodd-Murphy J, Parker RA. According to research studies, NIHL affects approximately: Loud noises primarily affect the cochlea, an organ within the inner ear. Hearing loss caused by exposure to loud sound is preventable.5 To reduce their risk of noise-induced hearing loss, adults and children can do the following: Learn more: Loud Noise Can Cause Hearing Loss. If you suspect hearing loss, don't wait to seek . Am J Ind Med. Small increases in dB mean big increases in the intensity of sound. If youve been diagnosed with noise-induced hearing loss, start protecting your ears now. 3000, Denver, CO 80237. This is an update of an earlier report (Schaafsma, Benke, Radi, & Sim, 2010) on Noise-induced hearing loss. Dr. Robert M. DiSogra is a graduate of the PCO School of Audiology. Before Firecrackers, gunshots, and other explosions create powerful sound waves that may rupture your eardrum or damage your inner ear. As the diagnosis states, the cause of the loss has been established from at least one known source (occupational or recreational, traumatic or progressive). Hearing loss can severely impact your quality of life. Epub 2020 Apr 30. Do you need to turn up the television volume? Bookshelf However, if hearing loss worsens over time, hearing aids may not provide enough benefit and your provider may recommend other options such as cochlear implants. (2005). American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Noise-induced hearing loss symptoms go beyond simply not being able to hear. These hairs move as sound waves go past them, passing signals to the brain so these waves can be interpreted into messages you can understand. Some of the most common noise-inducing hearing loss symptoms include: Noise-induced hearing loss symptoms may last minutes, hours or days after noise exposure ends. Screenings can also prevent the use of damaging pharmaceuticals in high-risk cases. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. This type of hearing loss, termed noise-induced hearing loss, is usually caused by exposure to excessively loud sounds and cannot be medically or surgically corrected. I tell my patients that properly worn hearing protection devices are significantly less expensive than hearing aids!BIORobert M. DiSogra is NJ licensed audiologist and Director of Audiology Associates of Freehold (NJ). Last medically reviewed on October 12, 2021. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal OccupationalTherapy.com Turn down the volume when listening to the radio, television, MP3 player, or anything through earbuds and headphones. Aims/Objectives/Purpose . In most cases it's irreversible, but, Conductive hearing loss is when a problem with the outer or middle ear makes it difficult to hear soft sounds. Consensus Development Conference Statement. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 09/15/2021. The clinician can motivate patients to maintain their hearing health and thereby reduce the risk of hearing disability as they grow older (Tables 2 and 3). Some options include: The first step to living with hearing loss is to acknowledge and accept it. Vestn Otorinolaringol. Bob was a cofounder of the NJ Academy of Audiology and served as its first President. Once damaged, our hair cells cannot grow back, which results in permanent hearing loss. An audiogram revealed significant hearing loss on the low frequencies and a flat audiometric curve with no recovery in the high frequencies. Standard audiology clinic protocols and knowledge may not always be on target for musicians. Some types of toys for children can produce sounds capable of causing permanent hearing damage.6. Family physicians should educate and motivate patients of all ages to avoid potentially damaging noise, use hearing protection when necessary and seek treatment for an existing hearing deficit. The National Hearing Conservation Association is a membership organization of professionals engaged in hearing conservation; the group also produces educational materials. 1990 Nov-Dec;(6):12-4. Audiometers must be calibrated regularly (at least annually) and used in a quiet room. Once the hearing nerve is destroyed, it is permanent. Noise-induced hearing loss Hard of hearing Tinnitus For more information, contact us at: NIDCD Information Clearinghouse 1 Communication Avenue Bethesda, MD 20892-3456 Toll-free voice: (800) 241-1044 Toll-free TTY: (800) 241-1055 Email: [email protected] NIH Publication No. Audiologists identify, diagnose, and provide treatment options for patients with hearing loss and dizziness. Noise-induced hearing loss is preventable. Noise-induced hearing loss is gradual and painless. Away from work, he had difficulty understanding conversations in crowded rooms, and he said he often argued with his wife about the volume of the television set. A worker whose audiogram shows a standard threshold shift (worsening of 10 dB on average at 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 Hz when compared with the employee's baseline test) must be notified and receive additional training and evaluation. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Some amplify sounds, while others amplify sounds and decrease background noise at the same time. Children with hearing loss and deafness in developing countries rarely receive any schooling. An aid should be carefully matched to the person's hearing deficit and lifestyle by a trained audiologist. Epub 2015 Feb 17. PMC The disorder is identified on the strength of a high probability conclusion and as a result of an exclusion process. Through this exhibition, the World Health Organization and the World Hearing Forum are sharing stories highlighting the power of these interventions and raising awareness and promoting equitable access to ensure ear and hearing care for all. Exposure to loud noise kills the nerve endings in our inner ear. Epub 2016 Nov 30. The louder the sound, the shorter the amount of time it takes for hearing loss to occur. From recommended diagnostic procedures to seeing a band backstage at a venue, attendees will learn how to modify best practices to suit clinical and real world situations. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (hearing loss developing in minutes or hours) should be referred immediately, because treatment initiated within the first 24 hours can improve outcomes.23. FOIA 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://familydoctor.org/condition/noise-induced-hearing-loss/). The objectives of the study were to understand the individual and organizational factors which affect attitudes towards noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) and to relate these to the standards of hearing conservation achieved in industry as demonstrated by compliance with the Noise at Work Regulations. In particular, as it relates to non-regulated hearing conservation in the modern workforce. Many of the impacts of hearing loss can be mitigated through Those who have jobs in noisy environments are also particularly vulnerable. Low- and middle-income countries bear a disproportionate burden Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Understand what types of noises can be harmful to your hearing. Cochlear implants are surgically implanted devices that directly stimulate the auditory nerve when your natural cochlea has been damaged. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Auditory fatigue is an early symptom of noise-induced hearing loss, and hearing can gradually recover after people leave a noisy environment. Hearing loss typically occurs gradually over, High frequency hearing loss is commonly caused by the natural aging process or from exposure to loud sounds. Even a small amount of hearing loss can have profound, negative effects on speech, language comprehension, communication, classroom learning, and social development. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) occurs when structures in the inner ear become damaged due to loud noises. Screening audiometry performed in the office revealed a 30-dB (mild) elevation of hearing thresholds at 4,000 Hz. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. If you work in a job where you cannot avoid being exposed to loud noises, you can take precautions to protect your hearing. Niskar AS, Kieszak SM, Holmes AE, Esteban E, Rubin C, Brody DJ. respiratory therapy He also is an Instructor in the Graduate School of Audiology at the Pennsylvania College of Optometry. Estimated prevalence of noise induced hearing threshold shifts among children 6 to 19 years of age: The third national health and nutritional examination survey. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. The patient was referred to an audiologist, who confirmed a sensorineural hearing loss that was probably caused by excessive noise exposure, with superimposed age-related changes. OSHA level for hearing conservation program, History: Are you exposed to excessive noise in your workplace or through music or hobbies?. Sensorineural: Hearing loss affects the inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve. Krug E, et al. Managing health conditions like diabetes and hypertension (high blood pressure). Become a AudiologyOnline member to get unlimited CEUs. Accessibility The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Decibels (dBs) are a way of measuring sound. Currently All Rights Reserved. He has also presented papers at the national meetings of AAA, ADA, ASHA, NHCA and other allied health organizations. Individual susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss varies greatly, but the reason that some persons are more resistant to it while others are more susceptible is not well understood.13. Noise exposure, whether occupational or recreational, is the leading preventable cause of hearing loss. Decibels function on a logarithm scale, so 20 dB is not twice as loud as 10 dB. Interested in Costco brand hearing aids or Costco's hearing centers? An example of a screening question is: Are you exposed to excessive noise in your workplace or through music or hobbies? During well-child visits, parents can be asked whether the child plays with noisy toys. Preventing Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Hearing plays an essential role in communication, speech and language development, and learning. Keywords: Noise protection devices have a ''Noise Reduction Rating'' (NRR) on the packaging which serves as a guide as to how much protection (noise attenuation or reduction in decibels) the wearer might achieve in ideal situations. In other instances, NIHL may be caused by exposure to loud noises over time. The workers' compensation claim noted that Fragmin had a history of: Heres what you need to know before. A recent study found evidence of high-frequency hearing loss in nearly one third of a cohort of college students.12, To be perceived, sounds must exert a shearing force on the stereocilia of the hair cells lining the basilar membrane of the cochlea. occupational deafness for over two millennia, noise-induced hearing loss still exists and is very much a modern problem. -. 2050, there could be over 700 million people with disabling hearing loss. Adopt behaviors to protect their hearing: Avoid or limit exposure to excessively loud sounds, Move away from the source of loud sounds when possible, Use hearing protection devices when it is not feasible to avoid exposure to loud sounds or reduce them to a safe level, Seek hearing evaluation by a licensed audiologist or other qualified professional, especially if there is concern about potential hearing loss. While you cant reverse damage that has already been done, you can reduce your risk for future damage. And among the most common unilateral hearing loss causes in adults is noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Safety is a big concern. A patient whose screening shows evidence of hearing loss should be referred for a full audiologic evaluation. 11480 Commerce Park Drive Audiometry is necessary to confirm a hearing deficit because physical tests of hearing, such as the whispered voice and the finger-rub test, are not as reliable.20 Office audiometry is sufficiently sensitive and specific to serve as a screening method.21 Screening audiometers for office use generally test at several frequencies in the speech range between 500 and 4,000 Hz. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted However, that may not be practical if the noise source has been identified as job-related. In fact, tinnitus is one of the most common service-related disabilities among veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. The new device offers significant upgrades such as time history profiling, voice notes and GPS. Hearing protectors, including earmuffs, disposable earplugs and custom-fitted earplugs, can provide 20 to 40 dB of attenuation when used correctly. 2014 Oct;22(5):388-93. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000079. This course is part of a four-course series, Destroying the Box: Innovative Audiologic Care Delivery which highlights the next generation of audiology innovators and their pioneering approaches to meeting unmet audiologic needs in their communities and beyond. What if I already have hearing loss? When hearing loss is suspected, a thorough history, physical examination and audiometry should be performed. Need CEUs? This is when a person is exposed to loud noises over an extended period, leading to damage . By taking preventative measures, recognizing the signs and symptoms, and seeking early intervention, we can protect our children's hearing and prevent further damage. Tinnitus is a common problem among adults in the United States, with an estimated prevalence of 10% to 15% and peak incidence between 60 and 69 years of age. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Loud noises, diseases or the aging process often cause it. The occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) physician plays a critical role in the prevention of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). live with hearing loss. and transmitted securely. Purpose, scope and objectives The purpose of this document is to review the current body of knowledge surrounding noise-induced hearing loss in order to identify current best practice for reducing the Literature studies were identified from the MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using . See additional information. is the overall annual cost of unaddressed hearing loss globally. Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health. Protect your hearing: Wear hearing protection when around sounds louder than 85 dB. Globally, 34 million children have deafness or hearing loss, of Method Audiological data from 2583 mine workers in South Africa were utilised. When youre exposed to loud noises, cells and membranes in the cochlea can become damaged. Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Careers. Policy. The Sight and Hearing Association distributes Know Noise, a curriculum for third- to sixth-grade students on prevention of noise-induced hearing loss, 674 Transfer Rd., St. Paul, MN 55114-1402, Bilateral high-frequency loss, downsloping, Genetic factors, prenatal infections/toxic exposures, birth trauma, Bilateral high-frequency loss, notch at 3,000 to 4,000 Hz, Viral infections, trauma, vascular, drugs, Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma), other tumors, Usually gradual onset; tinnitus may be present, Fluctuating, progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, Chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin [Platinol], nitrogen mustard), aminoglycosides, furosemide (Lasix), salicylates, quinine, May be accompanied by tinnitus, vertigo, nystagmus, Usually bilateral, symmetric, highfrequency (may be very high frequency), Infections: herpes, meningitis, mumps, syphilis, tuberculosis, Systemic disease: vasculitis, renal failure, head injury. Bob has over 25 years experience in clinical, educational, research and industrial audiology. If available, office tympanometry can also help detect conductive hearing problems. People of all ages can develop noise-induced hearing loss. More exposure will result in more dead nerve endings. He received his Masters Degree in Audiology from Hofstra University on Long Island in 1976 and a Bachelor's Degree in Speech Education (K-12) from St. John's University in NY in 1975.Bob is a US Navy veteran and he attributes his transition from speech pathology to Audiology from his electronics/communications experiences in the Navy.He has had his private practice for the past 18 years in Freheold, NJ.

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